| American Airlines Flight 96 was a regular McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 commuter flight operated by American Airlines, with a scheduled route from Detroit, Michigan to Buffalo, New York.
The flight suffered explosive decompression, due to cargo door failure, on 12 June 1972 while flying over Windsor, Ontario; it is thus sometimes referred to as the Windsor incident.[1] The failure of the cargo door caused the partial collapse of the passenger compartment floor. The sagging floor ruptured some hydraulic lines, pulled the rudder control cable to its maximum left position, and severed controls to engine number two leading to serious problems operating the aircraft.[2] The plane had no rudder power, and little responsiveness in the elevators or ailerons. However the crew, led by Captain Bryce McCormick, were able to apply differential thrust in the DC-10's wing engines to turn the aircraft, and use what elevator control they had to maintain vertical stabilization. It happened that while converting to the DC-10, McCormick had practiced in a simulator controlling the plane in this fashion, in the worst-case scenario of a hydraulic failure.[1] A similar technique was used in 1989 following a complete loss of hydraulic pressure on another DC-10, United Airlines Flight 232.
Despite the aircraft's being severely damaged, the crew made a successful emergency landing at Detroit, and all people on board evacuated safely. The incident highlighted a serious design flaw in the cargo doors of DC-10 aircraft whereby the door could appear closed but be ineffectively latched.[3] The fault was not satisfactorily repaired, and a subsequent cargo door blow-out occurred in another DC-10 two years later, on Turkish Airlines Flight 981, killing all 346 on board. At the time, the Turkish Airlines accident was the deadliest aviation disaster in history.
Many commentators subsequently blamed the aircraft manufacturer, McDonnell Douglas, and other aviation authorities, for failing to learn lessons from the Flight 96 incident. Although there had been some redesign of the DC-10 cargo door system, it had only been implemented voluntarily and haphazardly by various airlines. If the warning signs of Flight 96 had been heeded, the Turkish Airlines disaster might have been avoided.
Istanbul that morning, landing at Paris's Orly International Airport just after 11:00 AM local time. The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, was carrying just 167 passengers and 13 crew members in its first leg. 50 passengers disembarked to Paris. The flight's second leg, from Paris to London's Heathrow Airport, was normally underbooked, but owing to a strike by British Airways employees, many London-bound travelers who had been stranded at Orly were booked onto Flight 981. There were 17 English rugby players who had attended a France-England match the previous day; the flight also carried four British fashion models, 48 Japanese bank management trainees on their way to England, as well as passengers from a dozen other countries.
The aircraft departed Orly at around 12:30 PM for its flight to Heathrow. It took off in an easterly direction, then turned to the north to avoid flying directly over Paris. Just after Flight 981 passed over the town of Meaux, controllers picked up a distorted transmission from Flight 981; the aircraft's pressurization and overspeed warnings were heard over the pilots' words in Turkish, including the co-pilot saying "the fuselage has burst." The flight disappeared from radar shortly thereafter, and its wreckage was later found at the Grove of Dammartin in the Ermenonville forest, close to the town of Senlis.
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Ajoutée: mercredi 15 avril 2015 01:06:45 |
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